Question

kant says that only a good will is good without qualification (always good without exceptions). a good will is good in itself, not just for what it produces i.e., outcomes or consequences.
true
false
question 2
immanuel kant based his ethical system on the power of

1. objective consequences
2. faith
3. reason
4. subjective preference

question 3
\if you want to pass this quiz, then you ought to study.\ the use of the term \ought\ is taken by kant to be what he called a(n)

1. categorical imperative
2. hypothetical imperative
3. moral maxim
4. divine command

question 4
kant was suspicious of inclinations desires in moral reasoning because they involve all of the following except:

1. categorical duty
2. personal bias
3. particular circumstances
4. changing emotions

question 5
kant does not favor the principle of utility because he held that this sort of moral judgment lacked

1. universal application
2. respect for personal dignity
3. necessity
4. all of the above

Explanation:

• Question 1: Kant's deontological ethics emphasizes that a good will is intrinsically good. It is not dependent on its consequences. So, the statement is True.
• Question 2: Kant's ethical system is based on reason. He believed that moral laws can be derived through rationality, not through consequences (which is more of a utilitarian view), faith (as in some religious - based ethics), or subjective preference.
• Question 3: A hypothetical imperative is a conditional command. "If you want X, then you ought to do Y". Here, if you want to pass the quiz (X), you ought to study (Y). A categorical imperative is an unconditional moral command. A moral maxim is a general rule of conduct, and a divine command is based on religious edicts.
• Question 4: Kant was suspicious of inclinations (desires) in moral reasoning because they can involve personal bias (what one desires may be biased), particular circumstances (desires can be situation - specific), and changing emotions (emotions are fickle). Categorical duty is based on moral law (from reason) and is not an aspect of inclinations.
• Question 5: Kant did not favor the Principle of Utility (utilitarianism). Utilitarianism may not respect personal dignity as it focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number (which could potentially use individuals as means). It also may lack universal application (as what is good for one group may not be for another in a different context) and necessity (as it is based on contingent outcomes rather than moral law).

Answer:

1. True
2. 3. Reason
3. 2. Hypothetical imperative
4. 1. Categorical duty
5. 4. All of the above