Question

iv. foundations of civilization

• scientists have built hypotheses about this time period based on the discovery of ______ that have been preserved.
• this shift from hunting/gathering to farming is important because it laid the foundation for modern ______.

Explanation:

The first blank likely relates to archaeological findings like "artifacts" (tools, pottery, etc.) that preserve evidence of early civilizations. The second blank, about the shift to farming (Neolithic Revolution), laid the foundation for modern "civilization" (including settled societies, technology, social structures). These concepts are central to studying early human history and societal development, falling under History (a subfield of Social Science).

Answer:

First blank: artifacts (or similar archaeological finds like "fossils", "tools"); Second blank: civilization (or "societies", "agriculture - based economies")