Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Option A: Self - actualization attributes refer to the pursuit of one's full potential, not related to the described behavior.
• Option B: Fight - or - flight response is a physiological reaction to a threat, involving action (fight or flight), not inaction.
• Option C: Attributional deficits are about problems in how people attribute causes, not about inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Option D: Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs, not related to this inaction.
• Option E: Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe negative events are unavoidable and stop trying to change them, matching the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness