Question

1. imagine the author of the selection added a section with the sub - head “recent examples.” what can a reader most reasonably predict the author will discuss in this section? base your answer on the sub - head and on the rest of the editorial.

a historical details about natural disasters in the region
b a comprehensive overview of the history of levee design
c an explanation of laws that help communities recover from disasters
d information about coastal communities that have upgraded their levees

1. which piece of evidence presented in the editorial best supports the author’s claim in paragraph 2?

a levees were used in the indus river valley over 4,000 years ago, a period before modern technology.
b hurricane katrina caused over $100 billion in damage, an indication of how serious storm damage can be.
c modernizing the levees will cost about $77 million, an indication of how costly maintenance can be.
d the city is protected by five miles of levees, which help to lessen the effects of storm surges.

1. which statement from the editorial best represents the type of persuasive appeal called ethos?

a “as i have learned during my time working in disaster relief, storm preparedness has become increasingly important for coastal communities, including our own.” (paragraph 1)
b “but humankind has come a long way in the past four thousand years.” (paragraph 4)
c “while it is true that new steel and plastics are expensive, investing in our levees now will reduce maintenance costs in the long run. just last year, we spent over $6 million maintaining our outdated system.” (paragraph 5)
d “if we do not, i fear that our families and community will be the next ones devastated by flood, and sadly, there may be mortal consequences.” (paragraph 7)

Explanation:

1. The sub - head "Recent Examples" suggests the author will discuss recent cases related to the topic. Coastal communities upgrading levees is a recent - relevant example.
2. The claim in paragraph 2 likely pertains to the importance of levees in protecting against storm surges. The fact that the city is protected by five miles of levees which lessen storm surge effects supports this.
3. Ethos is an appeal to ethics, often through establishing the author's credibility. The author's experience in disaster relief in option A establishes credibility.

Answer:

1. D. information about coastal communities that have upgraded their levees
2. D. The city is protected by five miles of levees, which help to lessen the effects of storm surges.
3. A. "As I have learned during my time working in disaster relief, storm preparedness has become increasingly important for coastal communities, including our own." (paragraph 1)