Question

identify which type of natural selection is described in each case below.
results in the evolution of the species:
results in new species:
directional selection
favors traits at the two extremes:
disruptive selection
no increase in diversity:
stabilizing selection
one extreme trait is favored:
diversity decreases:
diversity increases:
done

Explanation:

1. Results in the evolution of the species: All natural selection types (directional, disruptive, stabilizing) drive species evolution, but if we consider the options, any can be argued, but typically all contribute. However, for the purpose of matching:

• Directional selection shifts the population towards one trait, disruptive splits into two extremes, stabilizing keeps the average. All lead to evolution, but if we have to pick from the dropdown, any, but let's analyze each:

1. Results in new species: Disruptive selection (favors two extremes, can lead to speciation as populations diverge).
2. Favors traits at the two extremes: Disruptive selection (selects against intermediate traits, favors both ends).
3. No increase in diversity: Stabilizing selection (favors intermediate traits, reduces variation, so diversity doesn't increase).
4. One extreme trait is favored: Directional selection (shifts the population curve towards one extreme trait).
5. Diversity decreases: Stabilizing selection (favors the average, reduces variation/diversity).
6. Diversity increases: Disruptive selection (favors two extremes, increases variation/diversity).

Let's match each:

• Results in the evolution of the species: All, but if we pick, say, any, but let's use the options:
• Results in new species: disruptive selection (as it can lead to speciation by creating two distinct groups).
• Favors traits at the two extremes: disruptive selection (definition: selects for both extreme phenotypes, against intermediate).
• No increase in diversity: stabilizing selection (favors the mean, reduces variation, so diversity stays or decreases, no increase).
• One extreme trait is favored: directional selection (shifts the population towards one extreme).
• Diversity decreases: stabilizing selection (reduces variation, so diversity drops).
• Diversity increases: disruptive selection (increases variation by favoring two extremes).

Answer:

• Results in the evolution of the species: Any (directional, disruptive, stabilizing) – but from options, e.g., directional selection (or others, but let's assign properly):
• Results in new species: disruptive selection
• Favors traits at the two extremes: disruptive selection
• No increase in diversity: stabilizing selection
• One extreme trait is favored: directional selection
• Diversity decreases: stabilizing selection
• Diversity increases: disruptive selection

(Note: For the first "Results in the evolution of the species", all three types contribute to species evolution over time. If forced to choose from the dropdown, any can be selected, but the other matches are as above.)