Question

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Explanation:

Identify the target year on the timeline

The question asks which empire was the only one that still existed after 1100 CE. We need to locate the vertical line corresponding to 1100 CE on the timeline. The timeline has vertical grid lines labeled at intervals: 200 CE, 400 CE, 600 CE, 800 CE, 1000 CE, 1200 CE, 1400 CE, and 1600 CE. The year 1100 CE lies exactly halfway between the 1000 CE and 1200 CE grid lines.

Analyze each empire's lifespan

We examine the horizontal bars representing each empire to see which one extends past the 1100 CE mark:

• Sasanian Empire: 224 – 651 CE. This bar ends well before 1100 CE.
• Umayyad Caliphate: 661 – 750 CE. This bar ends well before 1100 CE.
• Spanish Umayyads: 756 – 1031 CE. This bar ends just after the 1000 CE line, before 1100 CE.
• Byzantine Empire: about 330 – 1453 CE. This long bar extends past 1000 CE, 1100 CE, 1200 CE, and 1400 CE, ending at 1453 CE.

Match with the options

Using Chronological Analysis, we see that only the Byzantine Empire's bar extends past the 1100 CE mark. This matches option B.

Answer:

• (A) Umayyad caliphate
• (B) Byzantine Empire (Correct answer)
• (C) Spanish Umayyads
• (D) Sasanian Empire