Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

To determine why Christianity spread in Europe during the Byzantine Empire, we analyze each option:

• The first option about non - Christians in government employment is not a primary reason for the spread of Christianity across Europe.
• The second option: When Christianity became the state - sponsored religion of the Byzantine Empire, the empire's influence, including through trade, cultural exchange, and political power, helped spread Christianity throughout Europe. The state's support would have promoted the religion's growth and dissemination.
• The third option is incorrect as the Crusades were mainly about the Holy Land (Southwest Asia) and not the primary reason for the spread of Christianity in Europe during the Byzantine Empire's time. Also, the timing of the Crusades is different from the main period of Byzantine - led Christian spread in Europe.
• The fourth option about not punishing crimes against Jews and Muslims is related to religious tolerance (or lack thereof) but not to the spread of Christianity.

Answer:

B. Christianity became the state - sponsored religion of the Byzantine Empire.