Question

1. how were the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments enforced?

jim crow laws
fifteenth amendment
laws made by congress
federal law enforcement

Explanation:

The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, and the Fourteenth Amendment addressed citizenship and equal protection. Congress created enforcement legislation (e.g., Civil Rights Acts) to implement these amendments. Jim Crow Laws undermined them, the Fifteenth Amendment is separate (about voting rights), and federal law enforcement was part of execution but the primary enforcement mechanism was laws enacted by Congress.

Answer:

C. laws made by Congress