Question

how do ice and water on the ground affect incoming solar radiation?
they filter 22 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they absorb 100 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they scatter 5 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.

Explanation:

Ice and water on the ground reflect a portion of incoming solar radiation. The albedo (reflectivity) of water is relatively low, but still, a small percentage of solar radiation is reflected. Among the options, reflecting 4 percent is a common value associated with their interaction with solar radiation. Filtering (which would imply absorption or blocking in a non - reflective way) 22 percent is not typical for just ice and water on the ground's direct effect on incoming solar radiation. Absorbing 100 percent is incorrect as they do reflect some. Scattering 5 percent is not the main characteristic related to their impact on incoming solar radiation in terms of the common understanding of their albedo effect.

Answer:

They reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.