Question

how does heat transfer by conduction work?
through radiation
by the direct contact of particles with other particles
by waves of energy without direct contact

Explanation:

Heat transfer by conduction occurs when particles in a substance are in direct contact with each other. The more energetic (hotter) particles collide with less energetic (cooler) particles, transferring kinetic energy (heat). This process continues until thermal equilibrium is reached. Radiation (first option) is a different mode of heat transfer (electromagnetic waves), and the third option describes heat transfer by radiation or convection (not conduction).

Answer:

by the direct contact of particles with other particles