Question

how did the expansion of the ottoman empire affect global trade?
ottoman traders gained a monopoly on the spice trade.
virtually all goods between europe and the silk road passed through ottoman hands.
ottoman traders controlled overland trade in the region but depended on european shipping for sea routes.
ottoman traders were unable to purchase goods from europe.

Explanation:

To determine the correct effect of Ottoman Empire's expansion on global trade, we analyze each option:

• "Ottoman traders gained a monopoly on the spice trade" is incorrect as they didn't have a full monopoly.
• "Virtually all goods between Europe and the Silk Road passed through Ottoman hands" is correct. The Ottoman Empire controlled key land routes (like those connecting Europe to the Silk Road's eastern trade), so most goods moving between these regions went through their territory, impacting trade by imposing taxes, influencing prices, and prompting Europe to seek new sea routes.
• "Ottoman traders controlled overland trade in the region but depended on European shipping for sea routes" is incorrect as the Ottomans had their own maritime presence too, and the key impact was controlling the overland Silk Road - Europe trade routes.
• "Ottoman traders were unable to purchase goods from Europe" is incorrect as trade was bidirectional (Ottomans traded goods like spices, textiles with Europe for items like firearms, luxury goods).

Answer:

The middle box (containing "Virtually all goods between Europe and the Silk Road passed through Ottoman hands")