Question

the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles. freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild - master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re - constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.... the modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. it has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.... society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other: bourgeoisie and proletariat. what effect do the authors imply will result from modern class struggles? many different classes will begin to cooperate. conflict and revolution will restructure society. governments will support reforms. the bourgeoisie will encourage improved working conditions.

Explanation:

The text from The Communist Manifesto emphasizes that class struggles have always existed and led to either revolutionary restructuring or mutual ruin. In modern times (with bourgeoisie and proletariat as the main classes), the pattern of class - based conflict continues. Conflict and revolution are implied as the means to restructure society as they were in previous class - struggle scenarios (like the end of feudal - era class struggles leading to social re - constitution). There is no indication of class cooperation (as classes are in "constant opposition"), no mention of government - supported reforms (the focus is on class action), and the bourgeoisie, as the oppressor class, is not likely to encourage improved working conditions for the proletariat according to the class - struggle logic presented.

Answer:

Conflict and revolution will restructure society.