hat separates rabbits/primate from crocodiles on this cladogram?
9. which organism is most related to the rodents and rabbits on this cladogram?
10. what 5 traits do the bird and its closest relative share?
a. d.
b. e.
c.
11. which organism will have dna most similar to the bird? why?
12. which organism’s dna will differ the most from the bird? why?
each letter represents a derived characteristic
***match the letter to its characteristic.
13. ____ wings
14. ____ 6 legs
15. ____ segmented body
16. ____ double set of wings
17. ____ back appendages
18. ____ crushing mouthparts
19. ____ legs
20. ____ curly antennae

Question

hat separates rabbits/primate from crocodiles on this cladogram?
9. which organism is most related to the rodents and rabbits on this cladogram?
10. what 5 traits do the bird and its closest relative share?
 a. 		 d.
 b. 		 e.
 c.
11. which organism will have dna most similar to the bird? why?
12. which organism’s dna will differ the most from the bird? why?
each letter represents a derived characteristic
***match the letter to its characteristic.
13. ____ wings
14. ____ 6 legs
15. ____ segmented body
16. ____ double set of wings
17. ____ back appendages
18. ____ crushing mouthparts
19. ____ legs
20. ____ curly antennae

Accepted Answer

### Question 9:
# Brief Explanations:
To determine the organism most related to rodents and rabbits, we analyze the cladogram. The primates branch off near the rodents/rabbits branch (sharing the "Hair" trait node), closer than other organisms (sharks, ray - finned fish, amphibians, crocodiles, birds). So primates are most related.
# Answer:
Primates

### Question 10:
# Brief Explanations:
First, identify the bird's closest relative from the cladogram (crocodiles, as they share the "Eggs with shells" and "Amniotic egg" nodes, plus more ancestral traits). The shared traits are: 1. Vertebrae (all vertebrates here have this), 2. Bony skeleton, 3. Four limbs, 4. Amniotic egg, 5. Eggs with shells.
# Answer:
a. Vertebrae; b. Bony skeleton; c. Four limbs; d. Amniotic egg; e. Eggs with shells

### Question 11:
# Brief Explanations:
In a cladogram, organisms that share a more recent common ancestor have more similar DNA. Birds and crocodiles share a relatively recent common ancestor (closer branch point, sharing "Eggs with shells" and "Amniotic egg" etc.). So crocodiles have DNA most similar to birds because they are the closest relative on the cladogram, meaning a more recent common ancestor and less evolutionary divergence.
# Answer:
Crocodiles. Because birds and crocodiles share a more recent common ancestor (are more closely related) on the cladogram, so their DNA is more similar.

### Question 12:
# Brief Explanations:
Sharks are the most distantly related to birds on the cladogram. They diverged earliest (only share "Vertebrae" at the most ancestral node) with the most evolutionary distance. So sharks' DNA will differ the most from birds as they have the most distant common ancestor and the most evolutionary changes over time.
# Answer:
Sharks. Because sharks and birds share the most ancestral (oldest) common ancestor (only "Vertebrae") and have the most evolutionary divergence, so their DNA differs the most.

### Question 13 - 20 (Insect Cladogram Matching):
Let's analyze the insect cladogram:
- **13. Wings**: Organisms with wings start from the branch with "F" (insects with wings, like flies, dragonflies, butterflies). So F - Wings.
- **14. 6 legs**: Insects (ants, grasshoppers, flies, etc.) have 6 legs, which is at node "C" (separating from spider - like organisms). So C - 6 legs.
- **15. Segmented body**: Most arthropods (including the ones here) have a segmented body, a more ancestral trait, at node "B" (before legs and other traits). So B - Segmented body.
- **16. Double set of wings**: Butterflies and dragonflies have double sets, at node "G" (branch for dragonfly/butterfly - like with double wings). So G - Double set of wings.
- **17. Back appendages**: Spiders (and related) have back appendages, at node "D" (spider branch). So D - Back appendages.
- **18. Crushing mouthparts**: Grasshoppers (and related) have crushing mouthparts, at node "E" (grasshopper branch). So E - Crushing mouthparts.
- **19. Legs**: Arthropods get legs at node "C"? Wait, no, earlier: Wait, the caterpillar (A) has no legs, then at B (segmented body), then at C, legs? Wait, re - analyzing: The first trait (A) is caterpillar (no legs, no other traits). Then B: segmented body (all after have segmented body). Then C: legs (ants, spiders, grasshoppers, etc. have legs). So C - Legs? Wait, no, 14 is 6 legs (insects), 19 is legs (general). So 19: C - Legs.
- **20. Curly Antennae**: Butterflies have curly antennae, at node "H" (butterfly branch). So H - Curly Antennae.

# Answers (13 - 20):
13. F
14. C
15. B
16. G
17. D
18. E
19. C
20. H

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Explanation:

Question 9:

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Question 10: