Question

fill in the blank.
the p - value is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that ______.
a. the alternative hypothesis is false
b. the null hypothesis is false
c. the null hypothesis is true
d. the alternative hypothesis is true

Explanation:

The p - value is calculated under the assumption that the null hypothesis ($H_0$) is true. It measures the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed from the sample data, given that $H_0$ holds. If the null hypothesis were false, we would be in the context of the alternative hypothesis, and the p - value calculation is specifically tied to the null - hypothesis assumption.

Answer:

C. the null hypothesis is true