Question

examine the relations described below. each relationship has a strong, positive correlation. determine whether the relationship demonstrates correlation with causation or correlation without causation, and place the corresponding tile in the appropriate category.
relation a: the number of visitors to a public beach and the amount of visitors to the public pool
relation b: the number of games a team wins and the number of votes that teams coach receives for \coach of the year\
relation c: the number of television viewers on a specific evening and the number of popular television programs airing that night
relation d: the amount of video games sold at a store and the amount of t - shirts sold at the same store
relation e: the temperature of a region and the volume of mercury in a thermometer in that region
relation a relation b relation c relation d relation e
correlation with causation correlation without causation

Explanation:

• Relation A: The number of visitors to a public beach and a public pool may both increase due to a common factor like summer (higher temperatures), not because one causes the other. So, it's correlation without causation.
• Relation B: A coach getting more votes for "Coach of the Year" is likely caused by the team winning more games. So, it's correlation with causation.
• Relation C: More popular TV programs airing might cause more viewers, but it could also be that a special event (not related to the number of popular programs) causes more viewers. However, generally, more popular programs → more viewers. But it's not a direct cause - for example, a one - time major event (like a national emergency) could draw viewers regardless. But assuming normal circumstances, we can say it's correlation without causation (because there could be other factors like a holiday weekend which might have more viewers and more programs).
• Relation D: Video games and t - shirts sold at a store likely have no causal relationship. They could both be affected by a sale (a common factor), but one doesn't cause the other. So, it's correlation without causation.
• Relation E: The temperature of a region directly causes the volume of mercury in a thermometer to change (thermal expansion). So, it's correlation with causation.

Answer:

• Correlation with Causation: Relation B, Relation E
• Correlation without Causation: Relation A, Relation C, Relation D