Question

______ is/are evidence that supports the warrants present in your essay.
○ backing
○ enthymemes
○ grounds
○ warrants
clear my selection
19 multiple choice 1 point
______ arguments include a focus on warrants, grounds, and backing.
○ toulmin
○ aristotelian
○ classical
○ rogerian
clear my selection

Explanation:

First Question (Top):

In the Toulmin model of argumentation, "Backing" provides support for the warrants. Enthymemes are syllogisms with a missing premise, Grounds are evidence for the claim, and Warrants are the reasoning connecting Grounds to Claim. So Backing supports warrants.

Toulmin arguments specifically use warrants, grounds, and backing as key components. Aristotelian (Classical) focuses on ethos, pathos, logos, and Rogerian is about finding common ground. So Toulmin arguments include these elements.

Answer:

A. Backing

Second Question (Question 19):