Question

eukaryotic cells
plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells. while they contain many of the same
organelles, there are significant differences between them.
write the number of the correct corresponding structure in the table below. then,
distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by writing either a tick or cross in the
boxes.
animal cell
plant cell

Explanation:

• Cell membrane: Present in both animal and plant cells (eukaryotic). Prokaryotic cells also have a cell membrane. So, for eukaryotic (animal and plant) - tick; prokaryotic - tick.
• Cytoplasm: Found in all cells (eukaryotic - animal and plant; prokaryotic). So, for eukaryotic (animal and plant) - tick; prokaryotic - tick.
• Nucleus: A defining feature of eukaryotic cells (animal and plant). Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus (they have a nucleoid region). So, for eukaryotic (animal and plant) - tick; prokaryotic - cross.
• Mitochondria: Present in eukaryotic cells (animal and plant). Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria (they carry out respiration in other ways, e.g., using the cell membrane). So, for eukaryotic (animal and plant) - tick; prokaryotic - cross.
• Vacuole: Plant cells have a large central vacuole. Animal cells may have small vacuoles. Prokaryotic cells generally do not have vacuoles. So, for eukaryotic (plant - large, tick; animal - small, tick); prokaryotic - cross.
• Cell wall: Plant cells have a cell wall (made of cellulose). Animal cells do not. Some prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) have a cell wall (but with a different composition like peptidoglycan). So, for eukaryotic (plant - tick; animal - cross); prokaryotic - tick (if considering bacterial cell wall, but note composition difference).
• Chloroplasts: Exclusive to plant cells (among the cells in question). Animal cells and prokaryotic cells (except some photosynthetic bacteria which have different structures like chlorosomes) do not have chloroplasts. So, for eukaryotic (plant - tick; animal - cross); prokaryotic - cross.
• DNA free in cytoplasm: In prokaryotic cells, DNA is free in the cytoplasm (nucleoid region). In eukaryotic cells (animal and plant), DNA is mainly in the nucleus (mitochondria and chloroplasts have some DNA, but it's not "free" in the general cytoplasm like in prokaryotes). So, for eukaryotic (animal and plant) - cross; prokaryotic - tick.

Now, for the number of structure:

• Cell membrane: 4 (assuming the cell - membrane - like structure in the plant cell is also counted as cell membrane, which is present just inside the cell wall in plant cells)
• Cytoplasm: 1
• Nucleus: 2
• Mitochondria: 3 (in animal cell diagram, mitochondria are shown; in plant cell, mitochondria are also present)
• Vacuole: 5 (in plant cell diagram)
• Cell wall: 6
• Chloroplasts: 7
• DNA free in cytoplasm: Prokaryotic feature, not numbered in the given cell diagrams (as they are eukaryotic cell diagrams)

Answer:

Organelle	Number of Structure	Eukaryotic Cells		Prokaryotic Cells
Cell membrane	4	✔	✔	✔
Cytoplasm	1	✔	✔	✔
Nucleus	2	✔	✔	✖
Mitochondria	3	✔	✔	✖
Vacuole	5	✔ (small)	✔ (large)	✖
Cell wall	6	✖	✔	✔ (in some, e.g., bacteria)
Chloroplasts	7	✖	✔	✖
DNA free in cytoplasm	-	✖	✖	✔