Question

enlightenment philosophers primarily believed that society could be improved by using:
religious dogma and superstition
absolute monarchy and divine right
military strength and conquest
reason and natural law
john locke’s philosophy contributed to the development of democracy by arguing that:
governments should have absolute power to ensure stability.
people have the right to overthrow governments that fail to protect their natural rights.
power should be concentrated in the hands of a single monarch.
social classes are a necessary part of a stable society.
baron de montesquieu is best known for which political concept?
separation of powers into three branches of government
the social contract theory
freedom of speech and religion
the divine right of kings

Explanation:

First Question (Enlightenment philosophers):

Enlightenment philosophers emphasized reason, science, and natural law over traditional authority (like religion, absolute monarchy). So "Reason and natural law" is correct. The other options (religious dogma, absolute monarchy, military strength) go against Enlightenment ideals.

John Locke argued for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and that if a government fails to protect these, people can overthrow it. The other options (absolute government power, monarchic power, social classes as necessary) contradict his democratic - leaning ideas.

Montesquieu is famous for the separation of powers (executive, legislative, judicial). Social contract is more associated with Rousseau/Hobbes, freedom of speech/religion with others, and divine right is traditional monarchy - all not Montesquieu's main concept.

Answer:

D. Reason and natural law (assuming the options are labeled A - D with D as Reason and natural law)

Second Question (John Locke's philosophy):