Question

energy is needed to actively transport molecules across the cellular membrane. the above image shows phagocytosis, a large particle being engulfed. cell division (mitosis) (above), requires energy to proceed. atp provides energy for the mitotic spindle formation and chromosome separation. the mainter requires energy. both heating and cooling the body require energy as it either shivers or produces sweat. 1. what process produces usable energy in cells? 2. how is energy carried around the cell? 3. (a) describe the general role of mitochondria in the cell: (b) what is the purpose of the folded inner membrane in mitochondria? 4. (a) what energy - using process helps warm the body? (b) what energy - using process helps cool the body?

Explanation:

1. Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down glucose and other molecules to produce ATP, the usable energy in cells.
2. ATP (adenosine - triphosphate) is the molecule that carries energy around the cell. It can release energy by breaking a phosphate - bond.
3. (a) Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They are responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration.

(b) The folded inner membrane (cristae) in mitochondria increases the surface area. This allows for more electron - transport chain proteins and ATP synthase enzymes, enhancing ATP production.

1. (a) Shivering is an energy - using process that helps warm the body. Muscle contractions during shivering generate heat.

(b) Sweating is an energy - using process that helps cool the body. The evaporation of sweat from the skin surface dissipates heat.

Answer:

1. Cellular respiration
2. ATP
3. (a) Produce most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration

(b) Increase surface area for more ATP production

1. (a) Shivering

(b) Sweating