Question

energy gel packs
serving size: about 1 pack (40g)
servings per box: 12
amount per serving
calories: 100
total fat: 0g
saturated fat: 0g
trans fat: 0g
cholesterol: 0mg
sodium: 2mg
total carbohydrate: 25g
dietary fiber: 0g
sugars*: 25g
added sugars*: 25g
protein: 0g
figure 3. the food labels for energy gels. *another word for \sugars\ is monosaccharides.
a. based on the food label, what is the main energy source in energy gels?
sugar/monosaccharides (handwritten)
b. what advantage might runners who eat energy gels have over runners who do not?

1. during the race, the runners’ breathing and heart rates will increase. why is that?

Explanation:

Sub - question a

To determine the main energy source, we analyze the food label. The total carbohydrate is 25g, with sugars (monosaccharides) being 25g. Fat and protein are 0g. Carbohydrates (specifically sugars/monosaccharides) are a primary energy source, and since the sugar content is equal to the total carbohydrate content here, sugars (monosaccharides) are the main energy source.

Energy gels are rich in sugars (a quick - energy - providing carbohydrate). Runners need a lot of energy during a run. The sugars in energy gels can be quickly broken down and absorbed to provide a rapid source of energy. This can help runners maintain their energy levels, improve their endurance, and potentially perform better (e.g., run faster or for a longer time) compared to runners who do not consume energy gels and may run out of energy more quickly.

During a race, runners' muscles are actively contracting and need a large amount of energy (ATP). To produce ATP aerobically, cells need oxygen. The increased breathing rate brings in more oxygen from the air into the lungs, and the increased heart rate pumps more oxygen - rich blood to the muscles. Also, the increased heart rate and breathing rate help to remove carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular respiration) from the body more quickly. So, the body increases breathing and heart rates to supply more oxygen to the muscles and remove waste products efficiently to meet the high energy demand of the muscles during the race.

Answer:

Sugars (or monosaccharides)

Sub - question b