Question

the effects of life on earth
the emergence and spread of life drove many changes on earth
the effect on the hydrosphere
cyanobacteria lived in oceans and were the first organisms to produce ______ and sugar through
______________ they converted the abundant __ ____ in the oceans and atmosphere
to oxygen

• cyanobacteria filled the ____ with oxygen, which later spilled out into the __________
• this allowed later organisms, such as ____, to breathe in water by extracting ______

______
the effect on the atmosphere

• the level of carbon dioxide (oincreased odecreased) and oxygen (oincreased odecreased)
• ozone formed, which helps protect the planet and future organisms from the suns highly damaging

__________ rays and helped ___ the atmosphere
the effect on the lithosphere

• higher oxygen levels in the atmosphere caused oxidation reactions such as corrosion, ________

and ______________ to begin to take place.
○ rocks and minerals such as ____ oxide (rust) formed.

• as organisms increased in complexity, they began to create new rock

○ buried ____ material created ___
○ dissolved shells and skeletons of __ ____ created _______
○ living organisms became part of rock formations through ______________ fossils records
show past changes in life.
earths systems also had a huge effect on the organisms. for example:
organisms and earth have coevolved - changes in earth prompt ____________ in organisms (biosphere),
which cause changes in earths other ______

Explanation:

• Hydrosphere: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and sugar. They use water (\(H_2O\)) and carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) (in this context, dissolved \(CO_2\) in water). Aquatic organisms like fish extract dissolved oxygen from water.
• Atmosphere: Photosynthesis consumes \(CO_2\) (so its level decreased) and produces \(O_2\) (so its level increased). Ozone (\(O_3\)) protects from ultraviolet (UV) rays and helps warm the atmosphere (through absorption of UV and re - emission of heat).
• Lithosphere: Oxidation reactions include rusting (iron oxide formation), weathering (breakdown of rocks), and erosion (transport of weathered material). Buried organic material can form coal. Shells and skeletons of marine organisms form limestone. Fossilization is the process by which organisms become part of rock formations.
• Co - evolution: Changes in Earth (like environmental changes) prompt adaptations in organisms. These adaptations can then cause changes in Earth's systems (hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere).

Answer:

• Hydrosphere:
• oxygen; photosynthesis; dissolved carbon dioxide
• oceans; atmosphere
• fish; dissolved oxygen
• Atmosphere:
• decreased; increased
• ultraviolet (UV); warm
• Lithosphere:
• weathering; erosion; iron
• organic; coal
• marine organisms; limestone
• fossilization
• Co - evolution:
• adaptations; systems