Question

during which period of time has the united states had a system of dual federalism?

1650-1776
1937-present
1789-1937
1972-present

Explanation:

Define dual federalism

Dual federalism is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government. This era is often referred to as "layer-cake federalism."

Identify the historical timeframe

The system of dual federalism in the United States began with the ratification of the Constitution and the establishment of the federal government in 1789. It remained the dominant model of federalism until the New Deal era in 1937, when the Supreme Court began upholding broader federal commerce powers, transitioning the nation into cooperative federalism ("marble-cake federalism").

Match with the given options

• 1650–1776: Colonial period prior to the founding of the United States.
• 1789–1937: The era of dual federalism.
• 1937–present: The era of cooperative federalism and subsequent models.
• 1972–present: The era associated with New Federalism (devolution).

Answer:

• 1650–1776
• 1789–1937 (Correct answer)
• 1937–present
• 1972–present