Question

document 3
these ideas were expressed by king louis xiv of france in 1660:
the head alone has the right to deliberate and decide, and the functions of all the other
members consist only in carrying out the commands given to them... the more you
grant... to the assembled people, the more it claims.. the interest of the state must
come first.

1. what type of government does king louis describe and why does he

recommend this type of government?
document 4
an excerpt from leviathan by thomas hobbes, 1651:
...from this equality of ability arise the quality of hope in the attaining of our ends. and
therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both
enjoy, they become enemies; and in the way to their end... endeavor to destroy or
subdue one another. and from hence it comes to pass that where an invader hath no
more to fear than another mans single power, if one plant, sow, build, or possess a
convenient seat, others may probably be expected to come prepared with forces united
to dispossess and deprive him, not only of the fruit of his labor, but also of his life or
liberty. and the invader again is in the like danger of another.
...from this fundamental law of nature, by which men are commanded to endeavor
peace, is derived this second law: that a man be willing, when others are so too, as far
forth as for peace and defense of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this
right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men as he would
allow other men against himself.
... the mutual transferring of right is that which men call contract.

1. according to hobbes, how do men behave without law?
2. according to hobbes, what is the only way to achieve peace?

Explanation:

• For question 3: King Louis XIV describes an absolute monarchy. He recommends it because he believes the state's interest must come first and only the "head" (the monarch) should deliberate and decide, with others just carrying out commands.
• For question 4: According to Hobbes, without law, men are in a state of conflict. They become enemies when desiring the same thing, and there is a constant struggle to destroy or subdue one another as they pursue their own ends, fearing others who may take their possessions (including life or liberty).
• For question 5: According to Hobbes, the only way to achieve peace is through a social contract. Men should be willing (when others are too) to lay down their right to all things for peace and defense. The mutual transferring of rights (contract) is key to moving from a state of conflict to peace.

Answer:

1. Absolute monarchy. He believes the state's interest must come first and only the monarch should deliberate/decide.
2. In a state of conflict; enemies when desiring the same thing; constant struggle to destroy/subdue.
3. Through a social contract (mutual transferring of rights).