document-based questions
directions: analyze the document and answer the short-answer questions that follow the document.
on september 12, 1918, socialist leader eugene v. debs was convicted of violating the espionage act. debs later spoke to the court at his sentencing. the document below is an excerpt from that speech:
\i look upon the espionage laws as a despotic enactment in flagrant conflict with democratic principles and with the spirit of free institutions. … i am opposed to the social system in which we live. … i believe in fundamental change, but if possible by peaceful and orderly means. …
i am thinking this morning of the men in the mills and factories, … of the women who for a paltry wage are compelled to work out their barren lives; of the little children who in this system are robbed of their childhood and … forced into industrial dungeons. … in this high noon of our twentieth century christian civilization, money is still so much more important than the flesh and blood of childhood. in very truth gold is god. … \
—from eugene debs in echoes of distant thunder
18. according to debs, what were some problems in american society at this time? how did he believe change should be brought about?
19. how did debs seem to feel about the espionage act? do you agree with him? why or why not?
extended response
20. after world war i, the united states senate refused to ratify the treaty of versailles despite the intense efforts of woodrow wilson to convince americans that ratification would help ensure that the peace would be an enduring one. choose to either support or oppose the united statess ratification of the treaty of versailles. write a persuasive essay that includes an introduction and at least three paragraphs that support your position.
history online
for additional test practice, use self-check quizzes—chapter 9 at glencoe.com.

Question

Accepted Answer

Since the problem is about analyzing historical documents and answering questions related to history (a subfield of Social Science), we'll use the Answer-Explanation Format for question 18 as an example.

### For Question 18:
# Brief Explanations:
To answer, we analyze the excerpt. For problems: Debs mentions the Espionage Act as conflicting with democracy, workers (men, women) with low wages, children robbed of childhood (child labor), and a social system prioritizing money over people. For change: He believed in fundamental change, preferably peaceful and orderly.
# Answer:
According to Debs, problems included the Espionage Act being undemocratic, workers (men in mills/factories, women with paltry wages, children forced into labor), and a social system valuing money over human life (childhood). He believed change should occur by peaceful and orderly means if possible, with fundamental change.

### For Question 19:
# Brief Explanations:
Debs’ feelings: He saw the Espionage Act as despotic, conflicting with democratic principles. For agreement, one could argue it violated civil liberties (e.g., free speech) or that it was necessary for national security during WWI.
# Answer:
Debs felt the Espionage Act was a despotic enactment conflicting with democratic principles and free institutions. Regarding agreement, one might agree (e.g., it suppressed dissent unjustly, violating civil rights) or disagree (e.g., it was needed to protect national security during WWI).

### For Question 20:
# Brief Explanations:
If supporting ratification: The Treaty aimed at peace, contained the League of Nations to prevent future wars, addressed post - WWI order. If opposing: Concerns over U.S. sovereignty (League of Nations could involve U.S. in foreign conflicts), or domestic priorities over international commitments. A persuasive essay would structure an intro, then paragraphs (e.g., for support: League’s peace - keeping, addressing war guilt, territorial adjustments; for opposition: sovereignty, domestic focus).
# Answer:
(Example for supporting ratification) The United States should ratify the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was a crucial step towards ensuring long - term peace after the devastation of World War I. Firstly, it established the League of Nations, an organization designed to resolve international disputes peacefully and prevent future conflicts. By being part of the League, the U.S. could play a leading role in maintaining global stability. Secondly, the Treaty addressed the issue of war guilt and reparations, which was important for holding Germany accountable for its actions during the war and preventing it from re - igniting aggression. Finally, the territorial adjustments in the Treaty helped to redraw the map of Europe in a way that respected the rights of various nationalities and reduced tensions between countries. In conclusion, ratifying the Treaty of Versailles was in the best interest of the United States and the world, as it promoted peace, accountability, and stability.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

For Question 18:

Answer:

For Question 19: