Question

3 dna, rna, and protein
state the central dogma of biology.
compare the function of each type of rna molecule by completing the table.
types of rna | function
mrna
rrna
irna
sequence the steps in transcription of rna.
identify four examples of codons and state the instructions they encode
1.
2.
3.
4.

Explanation:

1. Central Dogma: DNA → RNA → Protein (DNA replicates itself, transcribes to RNA, which translates to protein).
2. RNA Functions: mRNA carries genetic code; rRNA forms ribosome structure; tRNA transfers amino acids.
3. Transcription Steps: Initiation (RNA polymerase binds to DNA), Elongation (RNA synthesis), Termination (RNA releases).
4. Codon Examples: AUG (start/methionine), UUU (phenylalanine), GAA (glutamic acid), UAA (stop).

Answer:

1. Central Dogma: DNA codes for RNA, which directs protein synthesis (DNA → RNA → Protein).
2. RNA Table:

• mRNA: Carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
• rRNA: Structural component of ribosomes, aids translation.
• tRNA: Transfers specific amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

1. Transcription Steps: 1. Initiation; 2. Elongation; 3. Termination.
2. Codons:
3. AUG: Starts translation, codes for methionine.
4. UUU: Codes for phenylalanine.
5. GAA: Codes for glutamic acid.
6. UAA: Stops translation.