Question

directions: a list of factors and events of ecological succession is listed below. write p for primary succession, s for secondary succession and b for both for each events or factors listed below.
a. ends with a climax community
b. soil and life were there before
c. lichens and moss as pioneer species
d starts on barren land
e. may occur after a tsunami
f. no life existed before
g. the faster form of succession
h. occurs after deforestation
i. occurs at a predictable rate
j. no soil in the beginning
k. may occur after a forest fire
l. caused by ecosystem disturbance
m. may occur after a volcanic activity
n. occurs over a long period of time
o. may occur after a glacier retreated
p. the slower form of succession
q. grasses as pioneer organisms

Explanation:

• Primary succession (P):
• Starts on barren land with no soil and no previous life. Pioneer species like lichens and moss are common. Occurs after events like volcanic activity, glacier retreat. It is slower as it has to build soil from scratch. Ends with a climax community.
• Secondary succession (S):
• Soil and life were there before. Occurs after disturbances like forest fire, deforestation. Faster as soil is already present. Pioneer organisms can be grasses.
• Both (B):
• Both types of succession end with a climax community, occur at a predictable rate, and are caused by ecosystem disturbance. Tsunami can lead to either depending on if soil/life is left (if it removes all life and soil - primary; if some soil/life remains - secondary, so B for Tsunami - E).

Answer:

A. B
B. S
C. P
D. P
E. B
F. P
G. S
H. S
I. B
J. P
K. S
L. B
M. P
N. B
O. P
P. P
Q. S