Question

1. this diagram represents a closed terrarium exposed to sunlight. what must happen for the carbon cycle to continue in this terrarium?

a. all organisms must continue to exchange gases.
b. the snails must double their production of carbon dioxide.
c. the plant must produce carbon dioxide at a faster rate.
d. the decomposers must begin to produce oxygen.

1. many plants tend to wilt on a hot, sunny day. the most likely cause of this wilting is

a. geotropism.
b. photosynthesis.
c. dehydration.
d. blooming.

1. some microorganisms are able to consume and detoxify hazardous substances, so they are often used to clean up industrial waste and oil spills. however, these bacteria cannot survive in just any environment. what is the most likely method scientists use to increase the effectiveness of detoxifying microorganisms in harsh environments?

a. release larger than normal concentrations of commonly used strains of detoxifying bacteria into the spill area.
b. use bacterial transformation to insert genes for detoxifying enzymes into bacteria from that environment.
c. rely on local populations of microorganisms to adapt to the toxic substances through natural adaptation processes.
d. add chemical agents that increase the surface area of hazardous substances exposed to detoxifying microorganisms.

1. which cellular organelle is thought to have evolved from a prokaryote that was able to use oxygen?

a. chloroplast
b. golgi apparatus
c. mitochondrion
d. ribosome
open response: consider the ecosystem around you. 1) identify two abiotic factors a how you depend on an abiotic factor present in your ecosystem.

Explanation:

1. For the closed terrarium carbon cycle: Plants perform photosynthesis taking in $\text{CO}_2$ to make glucose and release $\text{O}_2$, while snails and decomposers perform cellular respiration taking in $\text{O}_2$ and releasing $\text{CO}_2$. This continuous gas exchange sustains the cycle.
2. On hot sunny days, plants lose water rapidly via transpiration faster than they can uptake water from soil, leading to dehydration and wilting.
3. Inserting detoxification genes into local bacteria that are already adapted to the harsh environment will create hardy, effective detoxifying microbes better suited to the conditions than non-native strains.
4. The endosymbiotic theory states mitochondria evolved from aerobic prokaryotes that were engulfed by a host cell, as they use oxygen to perform cellular respiration.
5. Abiotic factors are non-living ecosystem components. Common examples include sunlight (provides energy for photosynthesis that produces food/oxygen humans depend on) and water (critical for human cellular function, agriculture, and hydration).

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Answer:

1. a. All organisms must continue to exchange gases.
2. c. dehydration.
3. b. Use bacterial transformation to insert genes for detoxifying enzymes into bacteria from that environment.
4. c. Mitochondrion
5. 1) Two abiotic factors: Sunlight and water.
6. Humans depend on water to maintain cellular function, stay hydrated, and grow food crops.