Question

determine whether the following statements are true of the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, or both.

statements	viral cycle(s)
viral genes remain dormant for months or years.	select choice
viral genes instruct host cell to make more capsids and enzymes for viral.	select choice
viruses leave the cell by causing the cell to lyse.	select choice
the host cell makes many copies of viral dna.	select choice
viral dna enters nucleus of host cell.	select choice
infections are usually immediate.	select choice

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each statement based on the lytic and lysogenic cycles:

1. "Infected cells have viral genes permanently."

• Lysogenic cycle: Viral DNA integrates into host DNA, remaining permanent. Lytic: Viral genes are active temporarily. So Lysogenic.

1. "Viral genes remain dormant for months or years."

• Lysogenic cycle: Viral genes (prophage) can lie dormant. Lytic: No dormancy, immediate replication. So Lysogenic.

1. "Viral genes instruct host cell to make more capsids and enzymes for viral."

• Both cycles: In lytic, this is direct; in lysogenic, when the prophage activates, it also does this. So Both.

1. "Viruses leave the cell by causing the cell to lyse."

• Lytic cycle: Viruses lyse the cell to exit. Lysogenic: Viruses exit via budding (no lysis) when activated. So Lytic.

1. "The host cell makes many copies of viral DNA."

• Both cycles: Lytic makes copies for new viruses; lysogenic (when activated) also makes copies. So Both.

1. "Viral DNA enters nucleus of host cell."

• Lysogenic cycle: Viral DNA (e.g., phage DNA) enters the nucleus to integrate. Lytic (for some viruses, like bacteriophages) may also involve nuclear entry, but lysogenic requires it for integration. So Lysogenic (or Both for some viruses, but lysogenic is more definitive here).

1. "Infections are usually immediate."

• Lytic cycle: Infections lead to immediate replication/lysis. Lysogenic: Infections can be latent (not immediate). So Lytic.

Answer:

s (matching each statement):

1. Infected cells have viral genes permanently: $\boldsymbol{\text{Lysogenic}}$
2. Viral genes remain dormant for months or years: $\boldsymbol{\text{Lysogenic}}$
3. Viral genes instruct host cell to make more capsids and enzymes: $\boldsymbol{\text{Both}}$
4. Viruses leave the cell by causing the cell to lyse: $\boldsymbol{\text{Lytic}}$
5. The host cell makes many copies of viral DNA: $\boldsymbol{\text{Both}}$
6. Viral DNA enters nucleus of host cell: $\boldsymbol{\text{Lysogenic}}$
7. Infections are usually immediate: $\boldsymbol{\text{Lytic}}$