Question

1. describe the image produced by a plane mirror using s.a.l.t..
2. describe the image always produced by a convex (diverging) mirror.
3. draw and write out the rules used to locate images in a concave (converging) mirror.

Explanation:

Question 5:

For a plane mirror, using S.A.L.T (Size, Attitude, Location, Type):

• Size: Image size = Object size (same magnitude).
• Attitude: Image is upright (same orientation as object).
• Location: Image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front (distance from object to mirror = distance from image to mirror).
• Type: Virtual image (cannot be projected on a screen, formed by apparent light ray intersection behind the mirror).

For a convex (diverging) mirror, S.A.L.T properties:

• Size: Image is smaller than the object (diminished).
• Attitude: Image is upright (same orientation as object).
• Location: Image is behind the mirror (between the mirror and its focal point, \( f \)).
• Type: Virtual image (light rays diverge, so image is formed by apparent intersection behind the mirror).

To locate images in a concave (converging) mirror, use these ray - tracing rules (for paraxial rays, near the principal axis):

1. Rule 1: Parallel to Principal Axis

A ray parallel to the principal axis (PA) reflects through the focal point (\( F \)) after hitting the mirror.

1. Rule 2: Through Focal Point

A ray passing through \( F \) (or directed toward \( F \) for real - object cases) reflects parallel to the PA.

1. Rule 3: Through Center of Curvature

A ray passing through the center of curvature (\( C \), where \( C = 2f \)) reflects back along its original path (since it hits the mirror normally, angle of incidence = 0, so angle of reflection = 0).

1. Rule 4: Normal to Mirror Surface

A ray incident along the normal (toward \( C \), as \( C \) is the center of the spherical mirror, so the radius is normal to the surface) reflects back along the same line.

To draw and describe image formation (example for a real object outside \( C \)):

• Draw the concave mirror, mark \( C \) (center of curvature), \( F \) (focal point, \( f=\frac{C}{2} \)), and the principal axis.
• Place the object (arrow) outside \( C \).
• Apply the ray - tracing rules:
• Draw a ray from the object’s top parallel to PA: reflects through \( F \).
• Draw a ray from the object’s top through \( F \): reflects parallel to PA.
• The intersection of these reflected rays (in front of the mirror) gives the image.

• S.A.L.T for concave mirror (object outside \( C \)):
• Size: Diminished (smaller than object).
• Attitude: Inverted (upside - down).
• Location: Between \( F \) and \( C \) in front of the mirror.
• Type: Real image (formed by actual intersection of reflected rays, can be projected on a screen).

Answer:

• Size: Equal to object size.
• Attitude: Upright.
• Location: Same distance behind mirror as object in front.
• Type: Virtual image.

Question 6: