4. define environmental determinism. explain how either japan’s status as a core country or the incan civilization’s level of success is difficult for an environmental determinist to explain.
5. define scale of analysis (aggregation of data) as it applies to information on a map. explain an example where changing the scale of analysis changes the map viewer’s understanding of the information.
6. define sustainability. identify one human practice that is sustainable. identify one human practice that is not sustainable and explain why/how that practice is not sustainable.
7. define possibilism. explain two examples where human creativity/inventiveness has helped support the idea of possibilism.
8. explain the difference between distance decay and space - time compression. use examples to support your explanation.
9. explain the difference between site and situation. pick one favorite location that you like to visit and describe both its site and situation.
10. explain the difference between density and distribution. use examples to support your explanation.

Question

Accepted Answer

### 4.
# Brief Explanations:
Environmental determinism is the belief that the physical environment, such as climate and geography, determines human behavior and societal development. Japan as a core - country is difficult for an environmental determinist to explain because Japan has limited natural resources (a seemingly 'unfavorable' environment) but has achieved high - level economic development through technological innovation and trade. The Incan civilization's success is also hard to explain as it thrived in the mountainous Andes with difficult terrain, building complex infrastructure and a large - scale society despite environmental challenges.
# Answer:
Environmental determinism is the theory that the physical environment shapes human actions and social development. Japan's status as a core country (or the Incan civilization's success) is hard to explain for an environmental determinist because they overcame seemingly unfavorable environmental conditions.

### 5.
# Brief Explanations:
The scale of analysis in mapping is the level of aggregation or disaggregation of data. For example, at a global scale, a map might show countries' general economic levels. If we change to a regional scale within a country, we can see more detailed differences in economic development between regions. A global - scale map might show a country as uniformly developed, but a regional - scale map could reveal urban - rural divides.
# Answer:
The scale of analysis is the degree of data aggregation on a map. An example is when a global - scale map of a country shows uniform development, but a regional - scale map reveals internal disparities.

### 6.
# Brief Explanations:
Sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A sustainable human practice is organic farming, which uses natural methods to maintain soil fertility and reduce chemical pollution. An unsustainable practice is clear - cutting forests. This is unsustainable because it destroys habitats, reduces biodiversity, and disrupts the carbon cycle, leading to long - term environmental degradation.
# Answer:
Sustainability is meeting present needs without sacrificing future ones. Organic farming is sustainable. Clear - cutting forests is unsustainable as it causes habitat loss and biodiversity reduction.

### 7.
# Brief Explanations:
Possibilism is the idea that the environment provides a range of possibilities, and human creativity and choice determine which possibilities are realized. Examples include the invention of air - conditioning, which has allowed people to live and work comfortably in hot climates, and the development of hydroponics, which enables food production in areas with limited arable land.
# Answer:
Possibilism is the view that the environment offers possibilities and human choice actualizes them. Examples: air - conditioning for hot climates, hydroponics for areas with little arable land.

### 8.
# Brief Explanations:
Distance decay refers to the decrease in interaction or influence as distance increases. For example, people are more likely to shop at local stores rather than those far away. Space - time compression is the reduction in the time and space barriers to interaction due to technological advancements like the internet and air travel. For instance, video - conferencing allows people across the world to communicate in real - time as if they were in the same room.
# Answer:
Distance decay is the decline in interaction with distance (e.g., local shopping preference). Space - time compression is the reduction of time - space barriers (e.g., video - conferencing).

### 9.
# Brief Explanations:
The site of a location is its physical characteristics, such as topography, soil type, and natural features. The situation is its location relative to other places, including access to resources, markets, and transportation. For example, a favorite location like a beach town. Its site might include sandy beaches, gentle slopes, and a mild climate. Its situation could be near a major city, with good road access and proximity to fishing ports.
# Answer:
Site is the physical features of a location. Situation is its relative location. For a beach town, site: sandy beaches, mild climate; situation: near a major city, good road access.

### 10.
# Brief Explanations:
Density is the number of features per unit area. For example, population density is the number of people per square kilometer. Distribution is the pattern of where features are located. For instance, the distribution of population can be clustered in urban areas, dispersed in rural areas, or linearly along transportation routes.
# Answer:
Density is features per unit area (e.g., population density). Distribution is the pattern of feature locations (e.g., clustered, dispersed population).

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