Question

cumulative exam
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read the excerpt from fast food nation
instead of relying upon a small, stable, well - paid, and well - trained workforce, the fast food industry seeks out part - time, unskilled workers who are willing to accept low pay. teenagers have been the perfect candidates for these jobs, not only because they are less expensive to hire than adults, but also because their youthful inexperience makes them easier to control.
which of the following choices best presents a counterclaim to the argument presented in this excerpt?
○ teenagers have not yet developed skills that make them valuable employees in the workforce.
○ fast food restaurants are able to employ people who otherwise might not be able to find a job because of the low skill level required to perform the tasks.
○ the mcdonald brothers designed the speedee service system based on the assembly line systems of american factories in the early twentieth century.
○ by law, fast food restaurants must offer equal employment opportunities to those seeking work.

Explanation:

To find the counterclaim, we need to oppose the argument that fast food industry uses part - time, unskilled (teenage) workers for being cheap and controllable. Option D states that by law, fast food restaurants must offer equal employment opportunities. This goes against the idea that they specifically target teenagers for the mentioned reasons as it implies they can't be selective in a way that favors teenagers over others, thus countering the original argument. Option A supports the idea that teenagers are not valuable (so fit the industry's needs), Option B supports the industry's hiring of low - skill workers, and Option C is about the McDonald brothers' system, not related to the argument about hiring teenagers.

Answer:

D. By law, fast food restaurants must offer equal employment opportunities to those seeking work.