7. **if the concentration of solutes inside a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding solution, then the surrounding solution is said to be:
a. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. amphipathic
8. a patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. in an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. what will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
a. the patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
b. the patient’s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
c. the patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
d. the patient’s red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
9. explain your answer to #8.
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10. a cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 molar glucose. assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell?
a. turgid
b. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
d. isotonic
11. **will the cell in question #7 shrink, swell or stay the same if it is left in the test tube of water? justify your response.
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Question

7. **if the concentration of solutes inside a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding solution, then the surrounding solution is said to be:
  a. hypertonic
  b. hypotonic
  c. isotonic
  d. amphipathic
8. a patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. in an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. what will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
  a. the patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
  b. the patient’s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
  c. the patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
  d. the patient’s red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
9. explain your answer to #8.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
10. a cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 molar glucose. assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell?
  a. turgid
  b. hypertonic
  c. hypotonic
  d. isotonic
11. **will the cell in question #7 shrink, swell or stay the same if it is left in the test tube of water? justify your response.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Accepted Answer

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
To determine the tonicity of the surrounding solution, we compare solute concentrations. If the cell’s solute concentration is less than the surrounding solution, the surrounding solution has a higher solute concentration (hypertonic), a lower water concentration, and water will move out of the cell. Hypotonic has lower solute (higher water) outside, isotonic has equal solute, and amphipathic refers to molecules with both polar and non - polar regions (not related to tonicity here). So the surrounding solution is hypertonic.
# Answer:
a. Hypertonic

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Distilled water has no solutes, while red blood cells have solutes. So the blood fluid (with distilled water) has a lower solute concentration (hypotonic) compared to the cells. In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell (osmosis), causing the cell to swell. Shriveling occurs in hypertonic, and bursting is a possible extreme of swelling, but the main initial change is swelling due to hypotonicity. Option a says cells shrivel (wrong, as fluid is hypotonic, not hypertonic to cells), option c says fluid is hypertonic (wrong), option d says fluid is hypertonic (wrong). So option b is correct.
# Answer:
b. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
When distilled water (with no solutes) is transfused into the veins, the blood plasma (now with distilled water) has a lower solute concentration than the red blood cells (hypotonic). By osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water potential) to higher solute concentration (lower water potential), so water enters the red blood cells. This influx of water causes the cells to swell as they take in water.
# Answer:
When distilled water is transfused, the blood fluid becomes hypotonic relative to the red blood cells. Osmosis causes water to move into the red blood cells (from the hypotonic blood fluid to the hypertonic cells) because water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water potential) to higher solute concentration (lower water potential). This influx of water makes the red blood cells swell.

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Tonicity is determined by solute concentration. The cell’s cytoplasm has 0.02 molar glucose, and the external solution also has 0.02 molar glucose. Since the solute concentrations are equal, there is no net movement of water (osmosis requires a concentration gradient). Turgid is a state of plant cells in a hypotonic solution, hypertonic has higher external solute, hypotonic has lower external solute. So the solution is isotonic.
# Answer:
d. isotonic

### Question 11
First, we assume question 7's cell: from question 7, the cell’s solute concentration is less than the surrounding solution (so the surrounding solution is hypertonic to the cell initially). But when left in the test tube of water (which has 0.02 molar glucose, same as the cell’s cytoplasm from question 10? Wait, maybe there's a mix - up. Wait, if we consider the cell from question 7 (where cell solute < surrounding initially, but now in water with 0.02 molar glucose, same as cell’s 0.02 molar? Wait, no, maybe question 11 is related to question 7's cell. Wait, question 7: cell solute < surrounding (hypertonic surrounding). But if the cell is now in a test tube of water (assuming pure water, 0 molar glucose, different from question 10). Wait, maybe a mis - reference. But if we take the cell from question 7 (solute concentration less than surrounding initially, but now in water (hypotonic to the cell, as cell has more solutes than pure water)). Then by osmosis, water moves into the cell (since water moves from lower solute (water) to higher solute (cell)). So the cell will swell. Wait, but question 10 has 0.02 molar glucose. Maybe there's a typo, but assuming the cell from question 7 (solute < surrounding initially) is now in water (0 solute), then:
# Brief Explanations:
The cell from question 7 has a higher solute concentration than the test tube water (so water is hypotonic to the cell). By osmosis, water moves into the cell (from water to cell, as water moves to higher solute concentration). This causes the cell to swell as it gains water. If the cell were in an isotonic solution (like question 10), it would stay the same, but here water is hypotonic to the cell (from question 7's cell context).
# Answer:
The cell will swell. Justification: The cell (from question 7) has a higher solute concentration than the water in the test tube (the water is hypotonic relative to the cell). By osmosis, water moves from the test tube (lower solute concentration, higher water potential) into the cell (higher solute concentration, lower water potential). This influx of water causes the cell to swell.

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