Question

classifying variables as independent and dependent
identify the independent and dependent variables of these data sets: 1) number of girls who play hockey each year; 2) shoe size according to height; 3) calories burned for each lap run.

Explanation:

Step1: Understand the concept of independent and dependent variables

An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and it depends on the independent variable.

Step2: Analyze each data set

• Data set 1: Number of girls who play hockey each year
• The independent variable is "year" because it is the variable that is changing over time.
• The dependent variable is "number of girls" because the number of girls playing hockey depends on the year.
• Data set 2: Shoe size according to height
• The independent variable is "height" because height is the variable that is naturally changing (not caused by shoe size).
• The dependent variable is "shoe size" because shoe size is thought to be related to (depend on) height.
• Data set 3: Calories burned for each lap run
• The independent variable is "laps" because the number of laps is what is being changed (you can choose to run more or fewer laps).
• The dependent variable is "calories burned" because the number of calories burned depends on the number of laps run.

Answer:

1. Independent: year; Dependent: number of girls
2. Independent: height; Dependent: shoe size
3. Independent: laps; Dependent: calories burned