chapter 4 section 1 section quiz spain builds an american empire a. terms and names if the statement is true, write rue\ on the line. if it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. example: in 1680, popé led a successful revolt against the spanish. true example: as a result of popé’s uprising, the apache regained control of their lands. pueblo 1. today’s mestizos are descendants of portuguese colonists and native americans. ______ 2. hernándo cortés marched his force of about 600 men through mexico to conquer the aztec empire. ______ 3. in 1492, christopher columbus set sail east across the indian ocean in search of a trade route to asia and its riches. ______ 4. the purpose of christopher columbus’s second voyage to the americas was to establish spanish colonies on the islands of the caribbean. ______ 5. the encomiendas were spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now mexico, south america, and the united states. ______ 6. montezuma ii, the leader of the arawak people of brazil, fell out of favor with his subjects over his response to the spanish conquest. ______ 7. francisco pizarro and his army defeated the inca by killing a largely unarmed group and then kidnapping and murdering their king. ______ b. extended response briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper. do you think the native peoples of the americas could have successfully defended their civilizations if they had been more suspicious of the first spanish to arrive? explain.

Question

chapter 4 section 1 section quiz spain builds an american empire a. terms and names if the statement is true, write 	rue\ on the line. if it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. example: in 1680, popé led a successful revolt against the spanish. true example: as a result of popé’s uprising, the apache regained control of their lands. pueblo 1. today’s mestizos are descendants of portuguese colonists and native americans. ______ 2. hernándo cortés marched his force of about 600 men through mexico to conquer the aztec empire. ______ 3. in 1492, christopher columbus set sail east across the indian ocean in search of a trade route to asia and its riches. ______ 4. the purpose of christopher columbus’s second voyage to the americas was to establish spanish colonies on the islands of the caribbean. ______ 5. the encomiendas were spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now mexico, south america, and the united states. ______ 6. montezuma ii, the leader of the arawak people of brazil, fell out of favor with his subjects over his response to the spanish conquest. ______ 7. francisco pizarro and his army defeated the inca by killing a largely unarmed group and then kidnapping and murdering their king. ______ b. extended response briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper. do you think the native peoples of the americas could have successfully defended their civilizations if they had been more suspicious of the first spanish to arrive? explain.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Mestizos are descendants of Spanish colonists (not Portuguese) and Native Americans. So we change "Portuguese colonists" to "Spanish colonists".
# Answer:
Spanish colonists

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Hernándo Cortés did march his force of about 600 men through Mexico to conquer the Aztec Empire. This statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
In 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail west across the Atlantic Ocean (not east across the Indian Ocean) in search of a trade route to Asia. So we change "east across the Indian Ocean" to "west across the Atlantic Ocean".
# Answer:
west across the Atlantic Ocean

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The purpose of Christopher Columbus’s second voyage to the Americas was to establish Spanish colonies on the islands of the Caribbean. This statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Encomiendas were a system of labor and land grants (not Spanish explorers). The Spanish explorers who conquered and colonized were called conquistadors. So we change "encomiendas" to "conquistadors".
# Answer:
conquistadors

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Montezuma II was the leader of the Aztec Empire (not the Arawak people of Brazil). So we change "Arawak people of Brazil" to "Aztec Empire".
# Answer:
Aztec Empire

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Francisco Pizarro and his army defeated the Inca by killing a largely unarmed group and then kidnapping and murdering their king. This statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Extended Response (Question B)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Military Technology Gap**: The Spanish had guns, steel weapons, and horses, while Native Americans had less advanced weaponry (e.g., bows, stone tools). Even with suspicion, closing this tech gap was hard.
- **Disease Impact**: European diseases (smallpox, etc.) devastated Native American populations, weakening their ability to resist, regardless of suspicion.
- **Divisions Among Natives**: Many Native American groups were divided (e.g., rival tribes), and the Spanish exploited these divisions. Suspicion alone might not have unified all groups enough to overcome internal conflicts and external advantages.
- **Strategic and Tactical Advantages**: Spanish had experience in warfare, organized military tactics, and a desire for conquest. Native American societies, while skilled in their own ways, were often unprepared for the Spanish’s aggressive, organized conquest strategies.

While suspicion could have led to earlier resistance or better preparation (e.g., not trusting Spanish intentions, uniting sooner), the overwhelming advantages of the Spanish (technology, disease, organizational structure) made successful defense unlikely.
# Answer:
It is unlikely the native peoples could have fully defended their civilizations. The Spanish had superior military technology (guns, steel, horses) that native weapons (bows, stone tools) struggled against. European diseases (smallpox) devastated native populations, weakening resistance. Also, native groups were often divided (rival tribes), and the Spanish exploited this. Even with suspicion, closing the tech gap, surviving disease, and uniting all groups (a huge challenge) would have been necessary—advantages the Spanish held made success improbable.

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