Question

chapter 1 science skills

1. is the following sentence true or false? an inverse proportion is one in which the product of the two variables is constant.
2. identify each data organizing tool shown below.

composition of earths crust
aluminum 8.1%
silicon 27.7%
iron 5.0%
calcium 3.6%
sodium 2.8%
potassium 2.6%
magnesium 2.1%
oxygen 46.6%
other 1.5%
a.
average annual precipitation for selected u.s. cities
city\taverage annual precipitation (cm)
buffalo, n.y.\t98.0
chicago, ill.\t91.0
colorado springs, colo.\t41.2
houston, tex.\t117.0
san diego, calif.\t25.1
tallahassee, fla.\t166.9
tucson, ariz.\t30.5
b.
average annual precipitation for selected u.s. cities
buffalo chicago colorado springs houston san diego tallahassee tucson
0 50 100 150 200
average annual precipitation (cm)
98.0 91.0 41.2 117.0 25.1 166.9 30.5
c.
mass vs. volume of water
slope = rise/run = 5 g/5 cm³ = 1 g/cm³
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
volume (cm³)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mass (g)
rise = 5 g
run = 5 cm³
d.
a. __________ b. __________
c. __________ d. __________
communicating data (page 25)

1. name two ways that scientists can report results of their experiments.

a. __________ b. __________

1. is the following statement true or false? scientists always interpret a given set of data the same way. ____________
2. why is peer review an important part of scientific research? ____________

Explanation:

Step1: Define inverse proportion

By definition, if two variables \(x\) and \(y\) are in inverse - proportion, then \(xy = k\) (where \(k\) is a non - zero constant). So the statement in question 6 is true.

Step2: Identify data - organizing tools

a. The pie chart shows the composition of Earth's crust as percentages of different elements.
b. The table lists the average annual precipitation for selected U.S. cities.
c. The bar graph displays the average annual precipitation for selected U.S. cities.
d. The line graph shows the relationship between the mass and volume of water.

Step3: List ways to report scientific results

Scientists can report results through scientific papers (published in journals) and presentations at scientific conferences.

Step4: Evaluate data interpretation statement

Scientists may have different interpretations of the same data due to different perspectives, biases, and methods. So the statement in question 9 is false.

Step5: Explain peer - review importance

Peer review helps to ensure the quality, validity, and reliability of scientific research. Peers can check for errors, suggest improvements, and verify the accuracy of the work.

Answer:

1. True
2. a. Pie chart

b. Table
c. Bar graph
d. Line graph

1. a. Scientific papers

b. Presentations at scientific conferences

1. False
2. It helps ensure the quality, validity, and reliability of scientific research by checking for errors, suggesting improvements, and verifying accuracy.