chapter 3 review
1. list the 3 main parts of the cell.

2. ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum are types of ____________ and are found in the ____________ of the cell.

3. the plasma membrane is composed of a ____________ bilayer.

4. genetic information is found in the ____________ of the cell. also called the control center.

5. the structural difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that the rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____________ attached.

6. the mitochondria is called the \powerhouse\ of the cell because it produces energy in the form of ____________.

7. passive transport processes move substances from a ____________ concentration to a ____________ concentration.

8. active transport processes use ____________ to move substances from a ____________ concentration to a ____________ concentration.

9. osmosis is a type of diffusion that moves ____________ through a semipermeable membrane, and dialysis moves ____________ through a semipermeable membrane.

10. list the 4 main types of tissue found in the human body.

11 forms walls of blood vessels forms the walls

Question

chapter 3 review
1. list the 3 main parts of the cell.

2. ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum are types of ____________ and are found in the ____________ of the cell.

3. the plasma membrane is composed of a ____________ bilayer.

4. genetic information is found in the ____________ of the cell. also called the control center.

5. the structural difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that the rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____________ attached.

6. the mitochondria is called the \powerhouse\ of the cell because it produces energy in the form of ____________.

7. passive transport processes move substances from a ____________ concentration to a ____________ concentration.

8. active transport processes use ____________ to move substances from a ____________ concentration to a ____________ concentration.

9. osmosis is a type of diffusion that moves ____________ through a semipermeable membrane, and dialysis moves ____________ through a semipermeable membrane.

10. list the 4 main types of tissue found in the human body.

11 forms walls of blood vessels forms the walls

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The three main parts of a cell are the cell membrane (plasma membrane), the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. The cell membrane encloses the cell, the cytoplasm is the gel - like substance within the cell where many organelles are located, and the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material.
# Answer:
The three main parts of the cell are the cell membrane (plasma membrane), the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum are all types of organelles. Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. These organelles are found in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytoplasm is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) and contains all the organelles.
# Answer:
Ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum are types of $\boldsymbol{\text{organelles}}$ and are found in the $\boldsymbol{\text{cytoplasm}}$ of the cell.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water - attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water - repelling) tails. In the bilayer, the hydrophilic heads face outward (toward the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell) and the hydrophobic tails face inward, forming a barrier that is selectively permeable.
# Answer:
The plasma membrane is composed of a $\boldsymbol{\text{phospholipid}}$ bilayer.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Genetic information in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell because it regulates the cell's activities by controlling the synthesis of proteins and other cellular processes through the genetic information it contains.
# Answer:
Genetic information is found in the $\boldsymbol{\text{nucleus}}$ of the cell. Also called the control center.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The structural difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that the rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface. The ribosomes give the rough ER a "rough" appearance under a microscope, and these ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. The smooth ER, on the other hand, lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and other functions.
# Answer:
The structural difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that the rough endoplasmic reticulum has $\boldsymbol{\text{ribosomes}}$ attached.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The mitochondria is called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the energy - currency molecule of the cell, and it is produced during cellular respiration in the mitochondria. The energy stored in ATP can be used by the cell for various metabolic processes.
# Answer:
The mitochondria is called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces energy in the form of $\boldsymbol{\text{ATP (adenosine triphosphate)}}$.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Passive transport processes, such as diffusion and osmosis, move substances from a high concentration to a low concentration. Passive transport does not require the input of energy (ATP) because it relies on the natural tendency of substances to move down their concentration gradient (from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated).
# Answer:
Passive transport processes move substances from a $\boldsymbol{\text{high}}$ concentration to a $\boldsymbol{\text{low}}$ concentration.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Active transport processes use energy (in the form of ATP - adenosine triphosphate) to move substances from a low concentration to a high concentration. Active transport is needed when a cell needs to move substances against their concentration gradient (from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration), and this process requires the input of energy.
# Answer:
Active transport processes use $\boldsymbol{\text{energy (ATP)}}$ to move substances from a $\boldsymbol{\text{low}}$ concentration to a $\boldsymbol{\text{high}}$ concentration.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that moves water through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis moves solutes (small molecules like waste products or nutrients) through a semipermeable membrane. In osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) across the semipermeable membrane. In dialysis, the movement of solutes depends on their concentration gradient and the permeability of the membrane to those solutes.
# Answer:
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that moves $\boldsymbol{\text{water}}$ through a semipermeable membrane, and dialysis moves $\boldsymbol{\text{solutes}}$ through a semipermeable membrane.

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
The four main types of tissue found in the human body are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities. Connective tissue provides support and connects different parts of the body. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue is involved in communication and control within the body.
# Answer:
The four main types of tissue found in the human body are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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