Question

chapter 17 check your understanding: persuasive writing: strategies for argumentation
directions: select the correct answers to the questions that follow.
which of the following is a feature of most academic arguments?
the presentation of lies as if they were the truth
the presentation of ideas in an intensely emotional fashion
the presentation of logical, reasonable ideas
which of the following sentences is an example of logos, which is an appeal to logic and reason?
to ignore climate change is to set in motion the complete destruction of humanity!
as a scientist who focuses on climate change, i can offer important insights into the causes and effects of global warming.
all the evidence suggests that if we do not change the way we produce and consume energy, we will threaten the long - term stability of our planet.
directions: in the following table, indicate which kind of argument each idea or approach is associated with.
idea or approach classical rogerian toulmin
engaging the audience by appealing to their emotions
recognizing that all arguments share certain features
arguing in a way that avoids making quick judgments about others ideas

Explanation:

• For the first question: Academic arguments are based on logic and reason. Presenting lies is unethical and not academic. Intensely emotional presentation is more of a rhetorical device but not the core of most academic arguments. Logical, reasonable ideas are key.
• For the second question: Logos (appeal to logic) uses evidence. The first option is more of an emotional appeal (pathos). The second is an appeal to ethos (credibility of the scientist). The third uses evidence ("all the evidence suggests") which is logos.
• For the table:
• Engaging audience by appealing to emotions is a classical argument technique (uses pathos which is part of classical rhetoric).
• Recognizing that all arguments share certain features (like claim, evidence etc.) is Toulmin (Toulmin's model breaks down arguments into components).
• Arguing in a way that avoids quick judgments (seeking common ground) is Rogerian.

Answer:

• First question: The presentation of logical, reasonable ideas
• Second question: All the evidence suggests that if we do not change the way we produce and consume energy, we will threaten the long - term stability of our planet.
• Table:
• Engaging the audience by appealing to their emotions: Classical
• Recognizing that all arguments share certain features: Toulmin
• Arguing in a way that avoids making quick judgments about others’ ideas: Rogerian