Question

chapter 14 mastery
part c write the word or words to correctly complete each sentence.

1. the theory of descent with ______________________ states that more

recent organisms are related to past organisms.

1. evolution is a process by which the gene pool of a(n) ______________________

changes over time.

1. the genetic changes that are passed on in a population occur in an organism’s

____________________.

1. ____________________ are the preserved remains of ancient organisms.
2. radioactive elements can be used to date fossils because they decay at a steady rate,

measured in ____________________ units.
part d write a short answer to each question.

1. what is an adaptive advantage?

________________________________________________________________________

1. why do homologous organs suggest relationships among organisms?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

1. how do paleontologists use the fossil record to learn about relationships among

groups of organisms?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

1. why are cro - magnons believed to be more closely related to homo sapiens than

neanderthals are?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

1. how did darwin’s hypotheses about evolution become scientific theories?

________________________________________________________________________

Explanation:

1. The theory of descent with modification states that more recent organisms are related to past organisms. This is a key concept in evolutionary biology.
2. Evolution is a process by which the gene pool of a population changes over time. A population is a group of organisms of the same species in a particular area.
3. The genetic changes that are passed on in a population occur in an organism's DNA. DNA is the genetic material that contains the instructions for the development and functioning of an organism.
4. Fossils are the preserved remains of ancient organisms. They provide evidence of past life on Earth.
5. Radioactive elements can be used to date fossils because they decay at a steady rate, measured in half - life units. The half - life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
6. An adaptive advantage is a trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment.
7. Homologous organs suggest relationships among organisms because they have a similar structure and origin, indicating a common ancestor.
8. Paleontologists use the fossil record to learn about relationships among groups of organisms by studying the similarities and differences in the fossils of different organisms.
9. Cro - Magnons are believed to be more closely related to Homo sapiens than Neanderthals are because they have more similar physical and genetic characteristics.
10. Darwin's hypotheses about evolution became scientific theories because they were supported by a large amount of evidence from many different fields of study.

Answer:

1. modification
2. population
3. DNA
4. Fossils
5. half - life
6. A trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment.
7. Because they have a similar structure and origin, indicating a common ancestor.
8. By studying the similarities and differences in the fossils of different organisms.
9. Because they have more similar physical and genetic characteristics.
10. Because they were supported by a large amount of evidence from many different fields of study.