Question

cells exhibition lab
station 12: ribosomes and cytoplasm
ribosomes are made up of ______ and rna.
what occurs on the ribosomes?
______
where are ribosomes found?
______
what is the cytoplasm?
______
what is the cytosol?
______
station 13: lysosomes and vacuoles
vacuoles are small, ____ organelles that __ and assist with ____ substances.
lysosomes are specialized ____ that contain powerful __ to help __ old cell parts and ____ particles.
station 14: the plasma membrane
another term for plasma membrane is the ______.
the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable ______.
selectively permeable= ______
phospholipid bilayers= ______
various ____ and __ are mixed within the phospholipid bilayer to help the cell ____ with the outside world.
the heads of phospholipids (circle one) love | fear water; the tails of phospholipids love | fear water.
therefore, the heads always face the ____ and extracellular matrix, which contains ____.
circle a phospholipid.
station 15: cytoskeleton
the cytoskeleton

• is a network of ______
• maintains ____ and plays a role in __ and cellular ____
• is composed of ____ and __, which are types of ____

true or false: prokaryotic cytoskeletons are made out of the same type of proteins as eukaryotic cytoskeletons. ______
station 16: plant vs. animal cells
what are the four cn?
______ plant cells
______
______
______ animal cells
plant and animal cells have a lot in common. find and list five organelles they share:
______
station 17: chloroplasts
chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles that contain ____ pigments, such as ____
chloroplasts perform ____; they are able to harvest __ from the __ and use it to create ____
why are leaves green?
______

Answer:

To solve the fill - in - the - blanks and answer the questions related to cell biology in this lab worksheet, we will go through each station one by one:

Station 12: Ribosomes and Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes composition: Ribosomes are made up of \(\boldsymbol{\text{protein}}\) and RNA.
• What occurs on ribosomes?: Protein synthesis (translation) occurs on ribosomes.
• Where are ribosomes found?: Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm (free ribosomes) and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (bound ribosomes).
• What is the cytoplasm?: The cytoplasm is the jelly - like substance within the cell that contains organelles, the cytosol, and various molecules.
• What is the cytosol?: The cytosol is the liquid (aqueous) part of the cytoplasm, excluding the organelles.

Station 13: Lysosomes and Vacuoles

• Vacuoles description: Vacuoles are small, \(\boldsymbol{\text{membrane - bound}}\) organelles that \(\boldsymbol{\text{store}}\) water, nutrients, and assist with \(\boldsymbol{\text{waste disposal}}\) (or storage of waste) substances.
• Lysosomes description: Lysosomes are specialized \(\boldsymbol{\text{vesicles}}\) that contain powerful \(\boldsymbol{\text{enzymes}}\) to help \(\boldsymbol{\text{digest}}\) old cell parts and \(\boldsymbol{\text{foreign}}\) particles.

Station 14: The Plasma Membrane

• Another term for plasma membrane: Another term for plasma membrane is the \(\boldsymbol{\text{cell membrane}}\).
• Plasma membrane property: The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable \(\boldsymbol{\text{barrier}}\).
• Selectively permeable definition: Selectively permeable means that the membrane allows some substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others.
• Phospholipid bilayers and associated molecules: Various \(\boldsymbol{\text{proteins}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{cholesterol}}\) are mixed within the phospholipid bilayer to help the cell \(\boldsymbol{\text{interact}}\) with the outside world.
• Phospholipid heads and tails interaction with water: The heads of phospholipids \(\boldsymbol{\text{love}}\) (are hydrophilic) water; the tails of phospholipids \(\boldsymbol{\text{fear}}\) (are hydrophobic) water. Therefore, the heads always face the \(\boldsymbol{\text{cytoplasm}}\) and extracellular matrix, which contains \(\boldsymbol{\text{water}}\).

Station 15: Cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton structure: The Cytoskeleton is a network of \(\boldsymbol{\text{protein filaments}}\).
• Cytoskeleton functions: It maintains \(\boldsymbol{\text{cell shape}}\) and plays a role in \(\boldsymbol{\text{movement}}\) and cellular \(\boldsymbol{\text{division}}\).
• Cytoskeleton composition: It is composed of \(\boldsymbol{\text{microtubules}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{microfilaments}}\), and \(\boldsymbol{\text{intermediate filaments}}\), which are types of \(\boldsymbol{\text{proteins}}\).
• Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cytoskeletons: False. Prokaryotic cytoskeletons are not made out of the same type of proteins as eukaryotic cytoskeletons (eukaryotic cytoskeletons have more complex and diverse protein components like tubulin and actin - related proteins, while prokaryotic cytoskeletal proteins are simpler and different in structure and function).

Station 16: Plant vs. Animal cells

• Four C's (Plant cell unique features): The four C's for plant cells are \(\boldsymbol{\text{Cell Wall}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Chloroplasts}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Central Vacuole}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Chlorophyll - containing plastids}}\) (a more accurate list: Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole, and sometimes "Chlorophyll" related to chloroplasts). For animal cells, there are no cell walls, chloroplasts, or large central vacuoles (animal cells have small vacuoles).
• Shared organelles: Five organelles that plant and animal cells share are: \(\boldsymbol{\text{Nucleus}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Mitochondria}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Ribosomes}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\text{Golgi Apparatus}}\).

Station 17: Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts pigments: Chloroplasts are membrane - bound organelles that contain \(\boldsymbol{\text{photosynthetic}}\) pigments, such as \(\boldsymbol{\text{chlorophyll}}\).
• Chloroplasts function: Chloroplasts perform \(\boldsymbol{\text{photosynthesis}}\); they are able to harvest \(\boldsymbol{\text{energy}}\) from the \(\boldsymbol{\text{sun}}\) (light) and use it to create \(\boldsymbol{\text{glucose}}\) (or carbohydrates).
• Why are leaves green?: Leaves are green because chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, and chlorophyll reflects green light (absorbs red and blue light for photosynthesis, and the green light is reflected, giving leaves their green color).

These answers are based on the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including the structure and function of cell organelles, the composition of the plasma membrane, and the differences between plant and animal cells.