Question

cell structure pt.2
list the functions/description of the following organelles
ribosome
________________________
mitochondria
________________________
cytoplasm
________________________
lysosome
________________________
chloroplast
________________________

Explanation:

• Ribosome: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell. They read the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
• Mitochondria: Often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell, mitochondria generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, used to drive various metabolic processes.
• Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is a gel - like substance within the cell membrane. It contains organelles, dissolved nutrients, and enzymes. It serves as a medium for cellular processes, such as metabolism, and provides a site for the movement of organelles and molecules within the cell.
• Lysosome: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are used to break down waste materials (such as damaged organelles), cellular debris, and ingested substances (e.g., via phagocytosis). They play a crucial role in cellular digestion and waste management.
• Chloroplast: Found in plant cells and some algae, chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Answer:

• Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis.
• Mitochondria: Generates ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.
• Cytoplasm: Gel - like substance; medium for cellular processes.
• Lysosome: Contains enzymes for waste breakdown and digestion.
• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis (in plant cells and some algae).