Question

carbohydrate

• made of these atoms/elements
• ______
• ______
• ______
• monomer: ______
• organisms use ____ as their main source of ____
• 2 simple sugar examples:
• ______
• ______
• 2 complex sugar examples:
• ______
• ______

Explanation:

• Atoms/Elements in Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The general formula is $C_n(H_2O)_n$, showing the ratio of these elements.
• Monomer of Carbohydrates: The monomer (building block) of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide (simple sugar), like glucose. Monosaccharides can bond together to form larger carbohydrate molecules.
• Use of Carbohydrates by Organisms: Organisms use carbohydrates (specifically glucose, a simple carbohydrate) as their main source of energy. Glucose is broken down in cellular respiration to release ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which cells use for work.
• Simple Sugar Examples: Simple sugars (monosaccharides or disaccharides) include glucose (a monosaccharide, used in cellular respiration) and sucrose (a disaccharide, table sugar, made of glucose + fructose). Another common monosaccharide example is fructose (found in fruits).
• Complex Sugar Examples: Complex sugars (polysaccharides) include starch (stored energy in plants, made of many glucose units) and glycogen (stored energy in animals, also made of glucose units). Cellulose (structural in plant cell walls) is another polysaccharide example.

Answer:

• Atoms/Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
• Monomer: Monosaccharide (e.g., Glucose)
• Organisms use: Carbohydrates (e.g., Glucose); as their main source of: Energy
• 2 Simple Sugar Examples: Glucose, Sucrose (or Fructose, Galactose)
• 2 Complex Sugar Examples: Starch, Glycogen (or Cellulose)