Question

in c₄ and cam plants carbon dioxide fixation occurs in the cytoplasm.
part c
c₄ plants differ from c₃ and cam plants in that c₄ plants
are better adapted to wet conditions
transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the calvin cycle occurs
open their stomata only at night
use pep carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide
use malic acid to transfer carbon dioxide to the calvin cycle
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Explanation:

• Option 1: \(C_4\) plants are adapted to hot and dry conditions, not wet. \(C_3\) plants are more common in wet conditions.
• Option 2: In \(C_4\) plants, carbon dioxide is first fixed in mesophyll cells and then transferred to bundle - sheath cells where the Calvin cycle occurs. \(C_3\) plants perform the Calvin cycle in mesophyll cells, and CAM plants also have a separation (temporal) but not the same spatial separation as \(C_4\) for the Calvin - cycle - related carbon transfer.
• Option 3: CAM plants open their stomata only at night. \(C_3\) and \(C_4\) plants open stomata during the day.
• Option 4: Both \(C_4\) and CAM plants use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide initially. So this is not a unique feature of \(C_4\) compared to CAM.
• Option 5: Both \(C_4\) and CAM plants can use organic acids (malic acid in some cases) to transfer carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle. In CAM, it is a temporal transfer (night - to - day), and in \(C_4\) it is a spatial transfer (mesophyll - to - bundle sheath), but the use of malic acid for transfer is not exclusive to \(C_4\) over \(C_3\) and CAM in the context of the key difference.

Answer:

transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs