Question

1. calculate if a food chain has five levels and 100% of the energy starts at the first level, how much energy reaches the top level?

Explanation:

Step1: Determine energy transfer rate

In a food chain, approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. So the energy transfer rate \(r = 0.1\).

Step2: Calculate energy at top level

The formula for energy at the \(n\)th level is \(E = E_0\times r^{n - 1}\), where \(E_0=100\%\) (or \(E_0 = 1\) in decimal form), \(n = 5\) (number of levels).
Substitute the values into the formula: \(E=1\times(0.1)^{5 - 1}\).

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Answer:

\(0.01\%\)