Question

base your answers to questions 18 - 21 on the document below and on your knowledge of social studies. karl marx and friedrich engels, the communist manifesto (1848) ...the communists...openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. the proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. they have a world to win. working men of all countries, unite! 18. according to the authors, how will communism be achieved? a. by a democratic process, including a popular vote b. by the surrender of the ruling classes c. by the actions of a small group of revolutionaries d. by violent revolution of the workers 19. according to the theories of karl marx, history can be viewed as a a. succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations b. repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism c. listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes d. continuous struggle between economic classes 20. karl marx believed that a proletarian revolution was more likely to occur as a society became more a. religious b. militarized c. industrialized d. democratic 21. which of the following was an effect of the publishing of the communist manifesto? a. governments in industrialized countries passed reform laws to improve conditions for workers. b. governments in industrialized countries began organizing communist workers groups. c. labor unions all agreed to reject communism as a political goal. d. urban workers in britain and germany launched revolutions.

Explanation:

• Question 18: The text states "their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions", which implies a violent revolution.
• Question 19: Marx's theory is based on class struggle, where different economic classes (like bourgeoisie and proletariat) are in continuous conflict.
• Question 20: Industrialization creates a large proletariat class (workers) who, according to Marx, would revolt against the bourgeoisie.
• Question 21: The Communist Manifesto scared industrialized governments, leading them to pass reform laws to improve worker conditions to prevent a revolution.

Answer:

1. D. by violent revolution of the workers
2. D. continuous struggle between economic classes
3. C. industrialized
4. A. Governments in industrialized countries passed reform laws to improve conditions for workers.