Question

base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. “... christian warriors, he who gave his life for you, today demands yours in return. these are combats worthy of you, combats in which it is glorious to conquer and advantageous to die. illustrious knights, generous defenders of the cross, remember the examples of your fathers who conquered jerusalem, and whose names are inscribed in heaven; abandon then the things that perish, to gather unfading palms, and conquer a kingdom which has no end.” — st. bernard of clairvaux 9. this statement was most likely used to encourage people to (1) repel a viking invasion (2) stop advancement of the huns in europe (3) join the crusades (4) force russians to convert to catholicism 10. the author of this quote is most likely (1) a member of the christian clergy from france (2) a caliph from the abbasid dynasty (3) a merchant from russia (4) a mongol military leader

Explanation:

Question 9

The quote mentions "Christian warriors", "defenders of the Cross", and "conquered Jerusalem", which are key elements related to the Crusades (military expeditions by Christians to reclaim Jerusalem). Options (1) (Viking invasion), (2) (Huns) and (4) (forcing Russians to convert) don't match the context of Jerusalem and Crusades - related themes.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux was a French monk and a member of the Christian clergy. A Caliph (option 2) is an Islamic leader, a Russian merchant (option 3) and Mongol military leader (option 4) don't fit the identity of someone promoting Christian Crusades and using religious rhetoric as in the quote.

Answer:

(3) join the Crusades

Question 10