Question

base your answer to questions 22 - 25 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
it was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black.... it was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. it had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill - smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam - engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. it contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and tomorrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.
source: charles dickens, hard times, 1858

1. cities, like the one described above by dickens,

were the result of

1. the establishment of large numbers of factories
2. economic decline due to the stock market crash
3. a population shift from urban areas to rural areas
4. reform acts passed by british parliament
5. the conditions described above by dickens led to
6. revolt against the british government
7. establishment of labor unions
8. adoption of the ideas of karl marx
9. promotion of mercantilism
10. which of the following illnesses was most

associated with the living conditions described by
dickens in this passage?

1. polio
2. smallpox
3. influenza
4. cholera
5. which of the following innovations would later

help improve the conditions described by dickens?

1. the invention of the steam engine
2. underground sewage systems
3. the increasing use of fossil fuels
4. the invention of the assembly line

Explanation:

• Question 22: The description of a town with machinery, tall chimneys, etc. is characteristic of the Industrial Revolution where large - number of factories were established.
• Question 23: The harsh working and living conditions (as described) led workers to form labor unions to fight for better wages, working hours, and conditions.
• Question 24: Cholera was a disease associated with poor sanitation (like the black canal described). Poor sanitation was common in industrial towns.
• Question 25: Underground sewage systems would improve sanitation (related to the black canal and poor waste - management described in the passage).

Answer:

1. 1. the establishment of large numbers of factories
2. 2. establishment of labor unions
3. 4. cholera
4. 2. underground sewage systems