Question

base your answer to questions 14 - 16 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

1. labor is the source of all wealth, and of all civilization; and since it is only through society that generally productive labor is possible, the whole product of labor, where there is a general obligation to work, belongs to society...that is, to all its members, by equal right, to each according to his reasonable needs...
2. proceeding from these principles, the socialist labor party of germany endeavors by every lawful means to bring about a free state and a socialistic society, to effect the destruction of the iron law of wages by doing away with the system of wage labor, to abolish exploitation of every kind, and to extinguish all social and political inequality.
3. the ideas expressed in the document above can be attributed to
4. otto von bismarck
5. adam smith
6. karl marx
7. clemens von metternich
8. an individual from which of the following social classes would be most likely to agree with the authors argument?
9. industrial working class
10. middle class
11. industrial capitalists
12. nobility
13. in order to prevent strikes and uprisings by the working class, the governments of industrialization nations
14. implemented laissez faire policies regarding industry and labor
15. gave ownership of the means of production to the working class
16. created a classless society in which all resources were shared evenly
17. passed legislation to improve quality of life for the working class

source: the gotha program, 1875

Explanation:

14.

Karl Marx emphasized the role of labor in wealth - creation and was against exploitation. The passage talks about labor as the source of wealth and abolishing exploitation, which aligns with Marxist ideas. Otto von Bismarck was a conservative statesman focused on real - politik and maintaining the status - quo of the German Empire. Adam Smith was a proponent of laissez - faire capitalism, which is contrary to the anti - exploitation stance here. Clemens von Metternich was a conservative diplomat who aimed to suppress revolutionary and socialist ideas.

The industrial working class would be most likely to agree with the author's argument. The passage is critical of exploitation (which affects the working class) and emphasizes the rights of labor. The middle class, industrial capitalists, and nobility have a vested interest in the existing capitalist or feudal (in the case of nobility) systems that often exploit labor. The industrial working class, being the direct victims of exploitation (as per Marxist analysis), would support ideas that advocate for labor's rights and against exploitation.

To prevent strikes and uprisings, governments of industrialization nations passed legislation to improve the quality of life for the working class. Laissez - faire policies (1) would not address the grievances of the working class that lead to strikes. Giving the working class the means of production (2) is a more radical socialist measure that was not common in the context of preventing strikes in industrializing nations. Creating a classless society (3) is a long - term socialist goal, not a short - term measure to prevent strikes. Passing legislation (such as factory acts, labor laws) was a practical step taken by governments to reduce discontent among the working class.

Answer:

1. Karl Marx

15.