Question

atgtgacctttg...
what type of mutation does individual 2 have? select all that apply.
□ missense
□ deletion
□ insertion
□ silent
□ frameshift
□ nonsense

part 4
who has a mutation that is likely to disrupt the function of the protein encoded by this gene?
○ individual 1 only
○ individual 2 only
○ both individuals
○ neither individual

Explanation:

Part 3 (Mutation Type for Individual 2)

To determine the mutation type, we analyze the DNA sequence change (not fully shown, but typical for such problems):

• Deletion/Insertion: These cause frameshift (if not multiple of 3) by shifting the reading frame.
• Frameshift: Occurs with deletion/insertion of non - multiple - of - 3 nucleotides, altering all downstream codons.
• Other mutations (missense: amino acid change; silent: no amino acid change; nonsense: stop codon; missense: specific amino acid change) don’t fit if it’s a frameshift - causing deletion/insertion. So if individual 2 has a deletion/insertion of non - 3 nucleotides, it’s a deletion, insertion, and frameshift (since frameshift is caused by deletion/insertion of non - multiple - of - 3).

• Frameshift mutations (from deletion/insertion of non - 3 nucleotides) and nonsense/missense (if severe) disrupt protein function. If individual 2 has a frameshift (from part 3) and individual 1 has a mutation (e.g., nonsense/missense/frameshift), both can disrupt. Typically, frameshift and other disruptive mutations in both would mean “both individuals” disrupt function.

Answer:

deletion, insertion, frameshift

Part 4 (Who Disrupts Protein Function)