Question

anything or condition that may cause a negative health effect to members of the community is called a:
health hazard/nuisance
pain in the neck
tough situation
none of the above

Explanation:

A health hazard or nuisance is defined as anything that may cause a negative health effect. A "tough situation" is a difficult circumstance, not related to health effects. "Pain in the neck" is an idiom for an annoyance, not a health - related term.

Answer:

health hazard/nuisance