Question

analyze why the umayyad empire ended in 750. (1 point)
discontent amongst non - arab muslim converts weakened the empire
muhammads forces conquered them from mecca
the umayyads converted to christianity
the ottomans took it over with superior military force
which major empire did the ottomans defeat to expand their territory? (1 point)
persian empire
mongol empire
roman empire
byzantine empire
why were the janissaries important to the ottoman empire? (1 point)
they were an infantry unit loyal to the sultan so that he always had a strong military even without the support of his vassals
they were naval commanders who kept the borders of the ottoman empire safe from invasion
they were advisers to the sultan on religious matters who ensured that the sultan never broke islamic law
they were military spies loyal to the sultan who ensured his enemies would not betray him
which statement best describes cultural diffusion along islamic trade routes? (1 point)
islam failed to take root outside of the islamic homelands
economic ideas were exchanged, but not religious ideas
islamic culture was untouched by trade
ideas and practices were exchanged between regions connected by islamic trade routes

Explanation:

• First Question: The Umayyad Empire faced discontent among non - Arab Muslim converts. These non - Arab Muslims were often treated as second - class citizens within the empire. They had to pay higher taxes and had limited political power compared to Arab Muslims. This led to internal unrest and weakened the empire, which was one of the factors contributing to its end in 750.
• Second Question: The Ottomans defeated the Byzantine Empire. The fall of Constantinople (the capital of the Byzantine Empire) in 1453 was a significant event. The Ottomans then expanded their territory, and Constantinople became Istanbul, a major city in the Ottoman Empire.
• Third Question: The Janissaries were an infantry unit loyal to the sultan. They were created through the devshirme system (a system of conscripting Christian boys in the Balkans). Their loyalty to the sultan meant that the sultan had a reliable military force even when the support of his vassals was uncertain.
• Fourth Question: Cultural diffusion along Islamic trade routes involved the exchange of ideas and practices. Islamic trade routes connected different regions, such as the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia. Merchants, scholars, and travelers along these routes spread not only goods but also religious (Islamic ideas), scientific (mathematics, astronomy), and cultural (art, architecture) practices.

Answer:

• First Question: Discontent amongst non - Arab Muslim converts weakened the empire.
• Second Question: Byzantine Empire.
• Third Question: They were an infantry unit loyal to the sultan so that he always had a strong military even without the support of his vassals.
• Fourth Question: Ideas and practices were exchanged between regions connected by Islamic trade routes.